Liste des field marshal de l'armée britannique
Le field marshal est le plus haut grade dans l'armée de terre britannique depuis 1736. C'est l'équivalent d'un Admiral of the Fleet dans la Royal Navy et d'un Marshal of the Royal Air Force. Ce grade a été utilisé de façon sporadique tout au long de son histoire et a été vacant au cours des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles.
Au total, 140 hommes ont tenu ce grade, dont 106 sont des soldats professionnels dans l'armée britannique et 11 autres ont effectué leurs carrières dans l'Armée des Indes britanniques, tandis que 22 autres n'ont jamais servi dans aucune de ces deux armées. Parmi eux, quatre monarques britanniques Édouard VII, George V, Édouard VIII et George VI ont accédé à ce grade eux-mêmes. Deux autres y ont accédé par le fait d'être mariés à une reine : Albert de Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha et Philip Mountbatten respectivement avec Victoria et Élisabeth II. Les autres sont principalement des monarques étrangers mais aussi deux officiers militaires étrangers et un homme d’État étranger.
Soldats professionnels
Ancienneté | Nom et titre | Régiment | Image | Naissance | Décès | Date de nomination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | George Hamilton | Royal Regiment of Foot | 1666 | 1737 | ||
2 | John Campbell | — | 1678 | 1743 | ||
3 | Richard Boyle | Horse Guards Regiment (en) | 1674 | 1740 | ||
4 | François de La Rochefoucauld | — | 1672 | 1739 | ||
5 | John Dalrymple | 26th (Cameronian) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1673 | 1747 | ||
6 | Richard Temple | 6th Regiment of Foot (en) | 1669 | 1749 | ||
7 | George Wade | Earl of Bath's Regiment | 1673 | 1748 | ||
8 | Robert Rich | Grenadier Guards (1st Foot Guards) | 1685 | 1768 | ||
9 | Richard Molesworth | Royal Scots | 1680 | 1758 | ||
10 | John Ligonier | 10th Regiment of Foot | 1680 | 1770 | ||
11 | James O'Hara (en) | 39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1690 | 1773 | ||
12 | Henry Seymour Conway | 5th Royal Irish Lancers | 1721 | 1794 | ||
13 | William Henry | 13th Regiment of Foot | 1743 | 1805 | ||
14 | George Howard (en) | 24th Regiment of Foot | 1720 | 1796 | ||
15 | Frederick d'York | Grenadier Guards | 1763 | 1827 | ||
16 | John Campbell | Royal Scots Fusiliers | 1723 | 1806 | ||
17 | Jeffery Amherst | Grenadier Guards | 1717 | 1797 | ||
18 | John Whitwell | Scots Guards | 1719 | 1797 | ||
19 | Studholme Hodgson (en) | Grenadier Guards | 1708 | 1798 | ||
20 | George Townshend | 7th Queen's Own Hussars (en) | 1724 | 1807 | ||
21 | Frederick Cavendish | Coldstream Guards | 1729 | 1803 | ||
22 | Charles Lennox | Coldstream Guards | 1735 | 1806 | ||
23 | Édouard-Auguste de Kent | Royal Fusiliers | 1767 | 1819 | ||
24 | Arthur Wellesley | 33rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1769 | 1852 | ||
26 | Adolphe de Cambridge | Hanoverian Guards | 1774 | 1850 | ||
27 | William Frederick | Scots Guards | 1776 | 1834 | ||
29 | Charles Moore | 12th Dragoons (en) | 1730 | 1821 | ||
30 | William Harcourt | Grenadier Guards | 1743 | 1830 | ||
31 | Alured Clarke | 50th (Queen's Own) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1745 | 1832 | ||
32 | Samuel Hulse | Grenadier Guards | 1747 | 1832 | ||
35 | George Nugent | 39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1757 | 1849 | ||
36 | Thomas Grosvenor (en) | Grenadier Guards | 1764 | 1851 | ||
37 | Henry William Paget | 80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers) (en) | 1768 | 1854 | ||
38 | FitzRoy Somerset | 4th Light Dragoons | 1788 | 1855 | ||
39 | Stapleton Cotton | 23rd Regiment of Foot | 1773 | 1865 | ||
40 | John Byng | 33rd Regiment of Foot (en) | 1772 | 1860 | ||
41 | Henry Hardinge | Queen's Rangers (en) | 1785 | 1856 | ||
42 | John Colborne | East Devonshire Regiment | 1776 | 1863 | ||
43 | Edward Blakeney (en) | 99th Regiment of Foot | 1778 | 1868 | ||
44 | Hugh Gough | Seaforth Highlanders | 1779 | 1869 | ||
45 | George de Cambridge | 12th Royal Lancers (en) | 1819 | 1904 | ||
46 | Colin Campbell | 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1792 | 1863 | ||
47 | Alexander George Woodford | 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1782 | 1870 | ||
48 | William Maynard Gomm (en) | 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1784 | 1875 | ||
49 | Hew Dalrymple Ross (en) | Royal Artillery | 1779 | 1868 | ||
50 | John Burgoyne | Horse Guards Regiment (en) | 1782 | 1871 | ||
51 | George Pollock | Bengal Artillery | 1786 | 1872 | ||
52 | John Forster FitzGerald (en) | — | 1784 | 1877 | ||
53 | George Hay | Grenadier Guards | 1787 | 1876 | ||
55 | William Rowan | 52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1789 | 1879 | ||
56 | Charles Yorke (en) | 35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1790 | 1880 | ||
57 | Hugh Rose | 93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot | 1801 | 1885 | ||
58 | Robert Napier (1er baron Napier de Magdala) | Bengal Engineer Group (en) | 1810 | 1890 | ||
59 | Patrick Grant (en) | Bengal Native Infantry (en) | 1804 | 1895 | ||
60 | John Michel (en) | 64th (2nd Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1804 | 1886 | ||
61 | Richard Dacres (en) | Royal Artillery | 1799 | 1886 | ||
62 | William Paulet (en) | 85th Regiment of Foot (Bucks Volunteers) (en) | 1804 | 1893 | ||
63 | George Bingham | 6th Regiment of Foot (en) | 1800 | 1888 | ||
64 | Lintorn Simmons (en) | Royal Engineers | 1821 | 1903 | ||
65 | Frederick Haines (en) | 4th Regiment of Foot (en) | 1818 | 1903 | ||
66 | Donald Stewart (en) | Bengal Army (en) | 1824 | 1900 | ||
67 | Garnet Joseph Wolseley | 12th Regiment of Foot | 1833 | 1913 | ||
68 | Frederick Roberts, VC | Bengal Army | 1832 | 1914 | ||
69 | Édouard de Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach | 67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1823 | 1902 | ||
70 | Neville Bowles Chamberlain | Bengal Native Infantry (en) | 1820 | 1902 | ||
72 | Henry Wylie Norman (en) | Bengal Native Infantry (en) | 1826 | 1904 | ||
73 | Arthur du Royaume-Uni | Royal Engineers | 1850 | 1942 | ||
74 | Sir Evelyn Wood (en), VC | 13th Light Dragoons (en) | 1838 | 1919 | ||
75 | Sir George White, VC | 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1835 | 1912 | ||
77 | Francis Grenfell, 1st Baron Grenfell | King's Royal Rifle Corps | 1841 | 1925 | ||
78 | Sir Charles Brownlow (en) | 51st Sikhs (Frontier Force) (en) | 1831 | 1916 | ||
79 | Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener | Royal Engineers | 1850 | 1916 | ||
81 | Paul Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen | Scots Guards | 1845 | 1932 | ||
82 | William Nicholson, 1st Baron Nicholson | Royal Engineers | 1845 | 1918 | ||
83 | John French, 1st Earl of Ypres | 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars | 1868 | 1925 | ||
85 | Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig | 7th Queen's Own Hussars (en) | 1861 | 1928 | ||
86 | Sir Charles Egerton (en) | 31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1848 | 1921 | ||
89 | Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer | York and Lancaster Regiment (en) | 1857 | 1932 | ||
90 | Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby | 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons | 1861 | 1936 | ||
91 | Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet | Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) | 1864 | 1922 | ||
92 | Sir William Robert Robertson, 1st Baronet | 3rd Dragoon Guards (en) | 1860 | 1933 | ||
93 | Sir Arthur Barrett | 44th (East Essex) Regiment of Foot (en) | 1857 | 1926 | ||
95 | William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood | Royal Scots Fusiliers | 1865 | 1951 | ||
96 | Sir Claud Jacob (en) | RĂ©giment du Worcestershire | 1863 | 1948 | ||
97 | George Milne, 1er Baron Milne | Royal Artillery | 1866 | 1948 | ||
100 | Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy | King's Royal Rifle Corps | 1862 | 1935 | ||
101 | Frederick Lambart, 10th Earl of Cavan | Grenadier Guards | 1865 | 1946 | ||
102 | Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode | Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry | 1869 | 1950 | ||
103 | Sir Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd | Royal Artillery | 1871 | 1947 | ||
105 | Sir Cyril Deverell | West Yorkshire Regiment | 1874 | 1947 | ||
107 | Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron Ironside | Royal Artillery | 1880 | 1959 | ||
109 | Sir John Dill | Prince of Wales' Leinster Regiment | 1881 | 1944 | ||
110 | John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort, VC | Grenadier Guards | 1886 | 1946 | ||
111 | Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell | Black Watch | 1883 | 1950 | ||
112 | Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke | Royal Artillery | 1883 | 1963 | ||
113 | Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis | Irish Guards | 1891 | 1969 | ||
114 | Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein | Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers (en) | 1887 | 1976 | ||
115 | Henry Maitland Wilson, 1st Baron Wilson | Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) | 1881 | 1964 | ||
116 | Sir Claude Auchinleck | 62nd Punjabis (Indian Army) (en) | 1884 | 1981 | ||
117 | William "Bill" Slim, 1st Viscount Slim | Royal Warwickshire Regiment (en) | 1891 | 1970 | ||
120 | John Harding, 1st Baron Harding of Petherton | Somerset Light Infantry | 1896 | 1989 | ||
121 | Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester | King's Royal Rifle Corps | 1900 | 1974 | ||
122 | Sir Gerald Templer | Royal Irish Fusiliers (en) | 1898 | 1979 | ||
123 | Sir Francis Festing | Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) | 1902 | 1976 | ||
126 | Sir Richard Hull | 17th/21st Lancers | 1907 | 1989 | ||
127 | Sir James Cassels (en) | Seaforth Highlanders | 1907 | 1996 | ||
128 | Sir Geoffrey Baker (en) | Royal Artillery | 1912 | 1980 | ||
129 | Michael Carver, Baron Carver (en) | Royal Tank Corps | 1915 | 2001[1] | ||
130 | Sir Roland Gibbs (en) | King's Royal Rifle Corps | 1921 | 2004[2] | ||
132 | Edwin Bramall, Baron Bramall | King's Royal Rifle Corps | 1923 | 2018[3] | ||
133 | Sir John Stanier (en) | 7th Queen's Own Hussars (en) | 1925 | 2007[4] | ||
134 | Sir Nigel Bagnall (en) | Green Howards (en) | 1927 | 2002[5] | ||
135 | Richard Vincent, Baron Vincent of Coleshill (en) | Royal Artillery | 1931 | 2018[6] | ||
136 | Sir John Chapple | 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles) | 1931 | 2022[7] | ||
137 | Prince Edward, duc de Kent | Royal Scots Greys | 1935 | Vivant | ||
138 | Peter Inge, Baron Inge | Green Howards (en) | 1935 | 2022[8] | ||
139 | Sir Charles Guthrie, Baron Guthrie de Craigiebank | Welsh Guards | 1938 | Vivant | ||
Autres
Ancienneté | Nom et titre | Image | Naissance | Décès | Date de nomination | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25 | Ernest-Auguste Ier de Hanovre | 1771 | 1851 | |||
28 | LĂ©opold Ier de Belgique | 1790 | 1865 | |||
33 | Albert de Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha | 1819 | 1861 | 8 February 1840 | Mari de Victoria du Royaume-Uni | |
34 | Guillaume II des Pays-Bas | 1792 | 1847 | |||
54 | Édouard VII du Royaume-Uni | 1841 | 1910 | British Monarch, 1901–1910 | ||
71 | Guillaume II d'Allemagne | 1859 | 1941 | |||
76 | François-Joseph Ier d'Autriche | 1830 | 1916 | |||
80 | George V du Royaume-Uni | 1865 | 1936 | British Monarch, 1910–1936 | ||
84 | Nicolas II de Russie | 1868 | 1918 | |||
87 | TaishĹŤ TennĹŤ | 1879 | 1926 | Empereur du Japon | ||
88 | Ferdinand Foch | 1851 | 1929 | Officier de l'armée française et Maréchal de France | ||
94 | Albert Ier de Belgique | 1875 | 1934 | |||
98 | Alphonse XIII d'Espagne | 1886 | 1941 | |||
99 | Hirohito | 1901– | 1989 | Empereur du Japon | ||
104 | Édouard VIII du Royaume-Uni | 1894 | 1972 | British Monarch, janvier– | ||
106 | George VI du Royaume-Uni | 1895 | 1952 | British Monarch, 1936–1952 | ||
108 | Jan Smuts | 1870 | 1950 | |||
118 | Thomas Blamey | 1884 | 1951 | Australian Army officer | ||
119 | Philip Mountbatten, duc d'Édimbourg | 1921 | 2021 | Mari d'Élisabeth II | ||
124 | Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah | 1921 | 1972 | Roi du NĂ©pal | ||
125 | Haïlé Sélassié Ier | 1892 | 1975 | Empereur d’Éthiopie | ||
131 | Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev | 1945 | 2001 | Roi du NĂ©pal | ||
140 | Charles de Galles | 1948 | Vivant | alors Prince de Galles, devenu depuis roi du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord |
Annexes
Notes et références
- (en) Dan van der Vat, « Obituary: Field Marshal Lord Carver », The Guardian, Guardian Media Group,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le )
- (en) « Obituaries: Field Marshal Sir Roland Gibbs », The Daily Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group (en),‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le )
- (en) « Field Marshal Lord Bramall obituary », sur the Guardian, (consulté le )
- (en) « Obituary: Field Marshal Sir John Stanier », The Times, Times Newspapers Ltd,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le )
- (en) « Obituary: Field Marshal Sir Nigel Bagnall », The Independent, Independent Print Limited,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le )
- « Death of a Former Member: Lord Vincent of Coleshill »
- (en) « Field Marshal Sir John Chapple obituary », sur thetimes.co.uk (ISSN 0140-0460, consulté le )
- (en-GB) « Field Marshal Lord Inge, former head of the Armed Forces who resisted defence cuts and fought for Britain’s status within Nato – obituary », The Telegraph, (ISSN 0307-1235, consulté le )
Sources
- (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « List of field marshals of the British Army » (voir la liste des auteurs).