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Yucca schidigera

Yucca schidigera, aussi connu sous le nom de mojave yucca ou Spanish dagger, est une espèce de plante à fleur de la famille des Agavaceae selon la classification classique de Cronquist (1981)[2] ou des Asparagaceae selon la classification phylogénétique.

Elle est originaire des déserts de Mojave, du Chihuahua et Sonora respectivement situés dans le sud-est de la Californie, la Basse-Californie, le Nouveau-Mexique, le sud du Nevada et l'Arizona.

Cette espèce de yucca pousse gĂ©nĂ©ralement sur les pentes rocheuses dĂ©sertiques et crĂ©osotes sises Ă  une altitude d'environ 300 Ă  1 200 mètres et dĂ©passant rarement plus de 2 500 mètres. Elle prospère en plein soleil et dans la terre abreuvĂ©e par un drainage optimal sans nĂ©cessiter d'apport aqueux supplĂ©mentaire en Ă©tĂ©. Elle appartient Ă  la famille du Yucca baccata qui croit dans la mĂŞme zone. Il existe Ă©galement çà et lĂ  quelques plantes hybrides prĂ©valant entre les deux espèces.

Description

Utilisation

Les fibres contenues dans les feuilles de Yucca schidigera étaient autrefois utilisées par les Amérindiens pour confectionner des cordes, des sandales et du tissu. Les fleurs et les fruits sont comestibles et les graines noires peuvent être moulues pour être transformées en farine. Le recours aux racines de la plante permet de fabriquer du savon.

Certains écrits rapportent que les Amérindiens se lavaient les cheveux avec du yucca pour combattre les pellicules et l'alopécie (perte des cheveux). Parmi les autres affections mentionnées dans la médecine amérindienne figurent également les céphalées (maux de tête), l'épistaxis (saignement de nez), la gonorrhée, l'arthrite et les rhumatismes[5].

Bibliographie

  • Fritz Hochstätter (ed.): Yucca (Agavaceae). Band 1 Dehiscent-fruited species in the Southwest and Midwest of the USA, Canada and Baja California , Selbst Verlag, 2000. (ISBN 3-00-005946-6)
  • Fritz Hochstätter (ed.): Yucca (Agavaceae). Band 2 Indehiscent-fruited species in the Southwest, Midwest and East of the USA, Selbst Verlag. 2002. (ISBN 3-00-009008-8)
  • Fritz Hochstätter (ed.): Yucca (Agavaceae). Band 3 Mexico , Selbst Verlag, 2004. (ISBN 3-00-013124-8)
  • S. Foster et J. A. Duke, A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants: Eastern and Central North America, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, (ISBN 0-395-46722-5)
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  • (en) Flavia M.M. AmaralI, Maria Nilce S. Ribeiro, JosĂ© M. Barbosa-Filho, Aramys S. Reis et Flávia R.F. Nascimento, « Plants and chemical constituents with giardicidal activity » [« Plantas e constituintes quĂ­micos com atividade giardicida »], Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do MaranhĂŁo, Campus do Bacanga, PrĂ©dio da Farmácia, SĂŁo LuĂ­s, MaranhĂŁo, Brazil; LaboratĂłrio de Tecnologia FarmacĂŞutica "Delby Fernandes de Medeiros", Universidade Federal da ParaĂ­ba, JoĂŁo Pessoa, ParaĂ­ba, Brazil; LaboratĂłrio de Imunofisiologia, Universidade Federal do MaranhĂŁo, Campus do Bacanga, SĂŁo LuĂ­s, MaranhĂŁo, Brazil,‎ (lire en ligne)
    « In vitro susceptibility of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia to some medicinal plants used .... Studies on the use of Yucca schidigera to control giardiasis. »
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  • The Treatment of Active Rheumatoid Arthritis and Allied Inflammatory Disease with Esterene (benzoyl ecxgonine). Lowell M. Somers, M.D.. Article prĂ©sentĂ© au 15e congrès international de pneumologie, Paris, France,
  • Painful Feet : CausĂ© par une insuffisance congĂ©nitale de la première mĂ©tatarse chez les soldats rĂ©cemment engagĂ©s dans l’armĂ©e. Ă€ la clinique orthopĂ©dique du campVan Dorn, Mississippi, on a trouvĂ© que le syndrome Morton Ă©tait responsable de ces symptĂ´mes dĂ©bilitants.
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  • Piacente S, Pizza C, Oleszek W. Saponins and phenolcs of Yucca schidigera Roezl: Chemistry and bioactivity. Phytochem Rev. 2005;4:177–190. doi: 10.1007/s11101-005-1234-5. [Cross Ref]
  • Bingham R. New and effective approaches to the prevention and treatment of arthritis. J Appl Nutr. 1976;28:38–47.
  • Bingham R, Bellow BA, Bellow JG. Yucca plant saponin in the management of arthritis. J Appl Nutr. 1975;27:45–51.
  • Bingham R, Harris DH, Laga T. Yucca plant saponin in the treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. J Appl Nutr. 1978;30:127–136.
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  • Olas B, Wachowicz B, Stochmal A, Oleszek W. Anti-platelet effects of different phenolic compounds from Yucca schidigera roezl. bark. Platelets. 2002;13:167–173. doi: 10.1080/09533710022149386. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Olas B, Wachowicz B, Stochmal A, Oleszek W. Inhibition of oxidative stress in blood platelets by different phenolics from Yucca schidigera roezl. bark. Nutrition. 2003;19:633–640. doi: 10.1016/S0899-9007(03)00036-4. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
  • Olas B, Wachowicz B, Stochmal A, Oleszek W. Inhibition of blood platelet adhesion and secretion by different phenolics from Yucca schidigera Roezl. bark. Nutrition. 2005;21:199–206. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.03.024. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
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Notes et références

  1. IPNI. International Plant Names Index. Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens., consulté le 29 juillet 2020
  2. (en) Arthur Cronquist, An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants, New York, Columbia University Press, (ISBN 0-231-03880-1, OCLC 1136076363, lire en ligne)
  3. « Flora of North America: Yucca schidigera »
  4. Ortgies, Karl Eduard. 1871. Gartenflora. Monatschrift fĂĽr deutsche und schweizerische Garten- und Blumenkunde. Erlangen, Stuttgart, Berlin. 20: 110
  5. (en) PR Cheeke (Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University / Desert King International), S Piacente (Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno) et W Oleszek (Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Pulawy, Poland), « Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of yucca schidigera: A review », Journal of Inflammation, vol. 3, no 6,‎ (PMCID PMC1440857, DOI 10.1186/1476-9255-3-6, lire en ligne)

Liens externes

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