Haplogroupes Y-ADN dans les populations de l'Afrique du Nord
Les principaux haplogroupes du chromosome Y des populations de l'Afrique du Nord berbérophones et arabophones sont : E1b1b1b (M81) et J1 (M267).
Par population
| Population | n | A/B | E(xE1b1b) | E-M35 | E-M78 | E-M81 | E-M123 | F | K-M9 | G | I | J1 | J2 | R1a | R1b | Autres | Etudes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Algérie/Oran | 102 | 0 | 7.9% | 0 | 5.9% | 45.1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22.5% | 4.9% | 1% | 11.8% | 1% | Robino et al. (2008)[1] |
| Algérie/Alger | 35 | 0 | 2.9% | 0 | 11.4% | 42.9% | 0 | 11.8% | 2.9% | 0 | 0 | 22.9% | 5.7% | 0 | 0 | 0 | Arredi et al. (2004)[2] |
| Tunisie/Jradou berbères | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2011) |
| Tunisie/Zaghouan | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.1% | 40.6% | 0 | 9.4% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43.8% | 3.1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2011) |
| Tunisie/Tunis | 33 | 0 | 0 | 3.0% | 6.0% | 54.5% | 3.0% | 6.0% | 0 | 3.0% | 0 | 24.2% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2011) |
| Tunisie/Tunis | 148 | 0 | 2% | 3.4% | 5.4% | 37.8% | 2.7% | 4.7% | 0.7% | 0 | 0 | 32.4% | 3.4% | 0.7% | 6.1% | 0.7% | Arredi et al. (2004) |
| Maroc | 221 | 0 | 6.4% | 4.1% | 6.8% | 65% | 0 | 0.9% | 1.8% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 5% | 4.1% | 0 | 4.1% | 0 | Fregel et al. (2009) |
| Maroc/Central | 87 | 0 | 9.8% | 0 | 6.1% | 56.1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.5% | 8.5% | 0 | 0 | 0% | Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2013)[3] |
| Maroc | 51 | 3.9% | 5.9% | 5.9% | 5.9% | 54.9% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.6% | 0 | 0 | 3.9% | 0 | Onofri et al. (2008) |
| Maroc/Amizmiz Valley | 33 | 3% | 6.1% | 0 | 3% | 84.8% | 3% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Alvarez et al. (2009) |
| Maroc/Asni berbères | 54 | 0 | 9.3% | 1.9% | 3.7% | 79.6% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.9% | 0 | 0 | 1.9% | 1.9% | Dugoujon et al. (2009) |
| Maroc/Middle Atlas berbères | 69 | 2.9% | 5.7% | 0 | 10.1% | 71.0% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.3% | 0 | 5.8% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Dugoujon et al. (2009) |
| Maroc/Bouhria berbères | 67 | 0 | 7.5% | 0 | 1.5% | 77.6% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.0% | 0 | 1.5% | 1.5% | 4.5% | 0 | 0 | Dugoujon et al. (2009) |
| Sahrawi | 89 | 0 | 20.2% | 0 | 0 | 59.6% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.2% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fregel et al. (2009) |
| Libye | 215 | 0 | 9.5% | 0 | 11.1% | 35.9% | 1.5% | 0 | 0 | 4.2% | 0 | 30.5% | 3.4% | 0.4% | 0 | 3.4% | Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2013) |
| Libye | 175 | 0.60% | 0.6% | 1.7% | 8.0% | 33.7% | 1.1% | 4.6% | 0.6% | 1.1% | 2.0% | 27.4% | 6.9% | 1.7% | 5.1% | 4.9% | Triki-Fendri et al. (2015)[4] |
| Égypte/Western Désert | 35 | 0 | 5.7% | 5.7% | 28.6% | 28.6% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31.4% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Kujanová et al. (2009)[5] |
| Égypte | 147 | 2.7% | 2.7% | 0 | 18.4% | 8.2% | 9.5% | 0 | 7.5% | 9.5% | 0 | 19.7% | 12.2% | 3.4% | 4.1% | 2.1% | Luis et al. (2004)[6] |
| Égypte/Siwa berbères | 93 | 28.0% | 6.5% | 2.2% | 6.5% | 1.1% | 2.2% | 0 | 0 | 3.2% | 0 | 7.5% | 6.5% | 0 | 28.0% | 8.3% | Dugoujon et al. (2009) |
| Égypte(Nord) | 44 | 2.3% | 0 | 4.5% | 27.3% | 11.4% | 9.1% | 6.8% | 2.3% | 0 | 0 | 9.1% | 9.1% | 2.3% | 9.9% | 6.8% | Arredi et al. (2004) |
| Égypte(Sud) | 29 | 0.0% | 0 | 0 | 17.2% | 6.9% | 6.9% | 17.2% | 10.3% | 0 | 3.4% | 20.7% | 3.4% | 0 | 13.8% | 0 | Arredi et al. (2004) |
| Iles Canaries | 652 | 0 | 1.4% | 0 | 3.5% | 8.3% | 2.3% | 0 | 0 | 4% | 9.7% | 3.5% | 10.4% | 2.8% | 50.6% | 0 | Fregel et al. (2009)[7] |
| Touaregs de Libye | 47 | 0 | 42.5% | 0 | 0 | 48.9% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.4% | 2.1% | Ottoni et al. (2011)[8] |
| Touaregs du Mali | 11 | 0 | 9.1% | 0 | 9.1% | 81.8% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pereira et al. (2011)[9] |
| Touaregs du Burkina Faso | 18 | 0 | 16.7% | 0 | 0 | 77.8% | 0 | 0 | 5.6% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pereira et al. (2011) |
| Touaregs du Niger | 18 | 5.6% | 44.4% | 0 | 5.6% | 11.1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33.3% | 0 | Pereira et al. (2011) |
Par pays
| Pays[10] | n | A | B | E-M33 | E-M2 | E-M35* | E-M78* | E-V12 | E-V32 | E-V13 | E-V22 | E-V65 | E-M81 | E-M34 | F | G | I | J1 | J2 | K | L | O | P,R | Q | R1a | R1b-V88 | R1b-M269 | R2 | T |
| Maroc | 760 | 0.26 | 0.66 | 2.76 | 3.29 | 4.21 | 0.79 | 0.26 | - | 0.26 | 1.84 | 3.68 | 67.37 | 0.66 | 0.26 | 0.66 | 0.13 | 6.32 | 1.32 | 0.53 | - | - | 0.26 | - | - | 0.92 | 3.55 | - | - |
| Algérie | 156 | - | - | 0.64 | 5.13 | 0.64 | 1.92 | 0.64 | - | 0.64 | 1.28 | 1.92 | 44.2 | 1.28 | 3.85 | - | - | 21.8 | 4.49 | 0.64 | - | - | - | 0.64 | 0.64 | 2.56 | 7.04 | - | - |
| Tunisie | 601 | - | 0.17 | 0.5 | 0.67 | 1.66 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3.16 | 62.73 | 1.16 | 2.66 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 16.64 | 2.83 | 0.33 | - | - | 0.33 | - | 0.5 | 1.83 | 0.33 | - | 1.16 |
| Sahara/Mauritanie | 189 | - | 0.53 | 5.29 | 6.88 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 55.56 | 11.11 | - | - | - | 13.23 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6.88 | 0.53 | - | - |
| Égypte | 370 | 1.35 | - | 0.54 | 2.43 | 3.24 | 0.81 | 7.03 | 1.62 | 0.81 | 9.19 | 2.43 | 11.89 | 6.76 | 1.08 | 5.68 | 0.54 | 20.81 | 6.75 | 0.27 | 0.81 | 0.27 | 0.54 | 0.27 | 2.16 | 2.97 | 2.97 | 0.54 | 6.22 |
Origine géographique des lignées du chromosome Y
| RĂ©gion[11] | Maroc (n=760) | Algerie (n=156) | Tunisie (n=601) | Mauritanie/Sahara (n=189) | Egypte (n=370) |
| Afrique du Nord | 73.90% | 50% | 68.90% | 55.60% | 33% |
| Moyen-Orient | 9.40% | 29.50% | 23.50% | 13.80% | 46.20% |
| Europe | 3.90% | 10.30% | 1.70% | 0% | 3.50% |
| Afrique de l'Ouest | 7% | 8.30% | 3% | 19.10% | 5.90% |
| Afrique de l'Est | 5.80% | 1.90% | 3% | 11.60% | 11.40% |
Notes
- Robino C, Crobu F, Di Gaetano C, et al., « Analysis of Y-chromosomal SNP haplogroups and STR haplotypes in an Algérien population sample », International Journal of Legal Medicine, vol. 122, no 3,‎ , p. 251–5 (PMID 17909833, DOI 10.1007/s00414-007-0203-5)
- Arredi B, Poloni ES, Paracchini S, et al., « A predominantly neolithic origin for Y-chromosomal DNA variation in North Africa », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 75, no 2,‎ , p. 338–45 (PMID 15202071, PMCID 1216069, DOI 10.1086/423147)
- Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. (2013), Genome-Wide and Paternal Diversity Reveal a Recent Origin of Human Populations in North Africa
- Triki-Fendri et al. (2015), Paternal lineages in Libya inferred from Y-chromosome haplogroups
- Martina Kujanová, LuĂsa Pereira, VerĂłnica Fernandes, Joana B. Pereira, Viktor ÄŚernĂ˝, Near Eastern Neolithic genetic input in a small oasis of the Egypteian Western Desert, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Volume 140, Issue 2, pages 336–346, October 2009
- Luis JR, Rowold DJ, Regueiro M, Caeiro B, Cinnioglu C, Roseman C, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Herrera RJ (2004) The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: evidence for bidirectional corridors of human migrations" Am J Hum Genet 74:532–544
- Rosa Fregel et al., « Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European », BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 9,‎ , p. 181 (PMID 19650893, PMCID 2728732, DOI 10.1186/1471-2148-9-181)
- Ottoni C, Larmuseau MH, Vanderheyden N, MartĂnez-Labarga C, Primativo G, Biondi G, Decorte R, Rickards O., Deep into the roots of the Libyan Tuareg: a genetic survey of their paternal heritage, Am J Phys Anthropol. 2011 May;145(1):118-24. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21473. Epub 2011 Feb 10
- Pereira et al. , Y chromosomes and mtDNA of Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel, European Journal of Human Genetics (2010) 18, 915–923; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.21; published online 17 March 2010
- Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape" PLoS ONE 8(2) e56775. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0056775
- Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape" PLoS ONE 8(2) e56775. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0056775, Table 2. Geographic components (%) considered in Y-chromosome and mtDNA lineages.
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