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Nocardia

Nocardia est un genre de bactĂ©ries de la division des ActinobactĂ©ries et de l'ordre des actinomycètes. Ces bactĂ©ries sont des bacilles Ă  Gram positif[2].

Nocardia
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Nocardia asteroides (jaune, au centre)

Genre

 Habitat

Nombreuses espèces saprophytes, surtout telluriques.

Pouvoir pathogène

Quelques espèces du genre Nocardia peuvent provoquer des infections, notamment :

  • Nocardia asteroides qui provoque assez rarement des infections pulmonaires pseudo-tuberculeuses surtout chez des individus atteints d'emphysème ou de bronchiectasies. On le retrouve Ă©galement dans des abcès cĂ©rĂ©braux.
  • Nocardia brasiliensis, Nocardia madurae se partagent avec des champignons vrais (Monosporium apiospermum), l'Ă©tiologie des mycĂ©tomes ou maduramycoses : abcès sous-cutanĂ©s, granulomateux, chroniques, survenant surtout aux membres infĂ©rieurs, dans les rĂ©gions tropicales (Indes, AmĂ©rique du Sud). Le pus contient des grains de couleurs variables d'après les espèces (blancs, jaunes, rouges, noirs).

Caractères bactériologiques

Morphologie

Filaments de longueur très variable, parfois très courts (bacilloformes), plusieurs espèces sont partiellement acido-résistantes (difficulté du diagnostic différentiel de la tuberculose en cas de nocardiose pulmonaire).

Culture

Développement lent (2 à 4 semaines) de colonies rugueuses, plissées, souvent pigmentées.

Diagnostic

Examen microscopique et culture. (Recherche des formes bifurquées).

Traitement

PĂ©nicilline, sulfamidĂ©s et tĂ©tracyclines sont relativement actifs mais le traitement doit ĂŞtre prolongĂ© et s'accompagner au besoin de drainage chirurgical.

Liste d'espèces

Selon Catalogue of Life (25 mai 2020)[3] et ITIS (25 mai 2020)[1] :

  • Nocardia abscessus Yassin & al., 2000
  • Nocardia acidivorans Kämpfer & al., 2007
  • Nocardia africana Hamid & al., 2001
  • Nocardia alba Li & al., 2004
  • Nocardia altamirensis Jurado & al., 2008
  • Nocardia amamiensis Yamamura & al., 2007
  • Nocardia anaemiae Kageyama & al., 2005
  • Nocardia aobensis Kageyama & al., 2005
  • Nocardia araoensis Kageyama & al., 2004
  • Nocardia artemisiae Zhao & al., 2011
  • Nocardia arthritidis Kageyama & al., 2005
  • Nocardia asiatica Kageyama & al., 2004
  • Nocardia asteroides (Eppinger, 1891) Blanchard, 1896
  • Nocardia beijingensis Wang & al., 2001
  • Nocardia blacklockiae Conville & al., 2009
  • Nocardia brasiliensis (Lindenberg, 1909) Pinoy, 1913
  • Nocardia brevicatena (Lechevalier & al., 1961) Goodfellow & Pirouz, 1982
  • Nocardia caishijiensis Zhang & al., 2003
  • Nocardia callitridis Kaewkla & Franco, 2010
  • Nocardia carnea (Rossi Doria, 1891) Castellani & Chalmers, 1913
  • Nocardia cerradoensis Albuquerque de Barros & al., 2003
  • Nocardia coeliaca (Gray & Thornton, 1928) Waksman & Henrici, 1948
  • Nocardia concava Kageyama & al., 2005
  • Nocardia coubleae RodrĂ­guez-Nava & al., 2007
  • Nocardia crassostreae Friedman & al., 1998
  • Nocardia cummidelens Maldonado & al., 2001
  • Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Yassin & al., 2001
  • Nocardia elegans Yassin & Brenner, 2005
  • Nocardia endophytica Xing & al., 2011
  • Nocardia exalbida Iida & al., 2006
  • Nocardia farcinica Trevisan, 1889
  • Nocardia flavorosea Chun & al., 1998
  • Nocardia fluminea Maldonado & al., 2001
  • Nocardia gamkensis le Roes & Meyers, 2007
  • Nocardia globerula (Gray, 1928) Waksman & Henrici, 1948
  • Nocardia goodfellowii Sazak & al., 2012
  • Nocardia grenadensis Kämpfer & al., 2012
  • Nocardia harenae Seo & Lee, 2006
  • Nocardia higoensis Kageyama & al., 2004
  • Nocardia ignorata Yassin & al., 2001
  • Nocardia inohanensis Kageyama & al., 2004
  • Nocardia iowensis Lamm & al., 2009
  • Nocardia jejuensis Lee, 2006
  • Nocardia jiangxiensis Cui & al., 2005
  • Nocardia jinanensis Sun & al., 2009
  • Nocardia kruczakiae Conville & al., 2005
  • Nocardia lijiangensis Xu & al., 2006
  • Nocardia mexicana RodrĂ­guez-Nava & al., 2006
  • Nocardia mikamii Jannat-Khah & al., 2010
  • Nocardia miyunensis Cui & al., 2005
  • Nocardia neocaledoniensis Saintpierre-Bonaccio & al., 2004
  • Nocardia niigatensis Kageyama & al., 2004
  • Nocardia ninae Laurent & al., 2007
  • Nocardia niwae Moser & al., 2011
  • Nocardia nova Tsukamura, 1983
  • Nocardia otitidiscaviarum Snijders, 1924
  • Nocardia paucivorans Yassin & al., 2000
  • Nocardia pigrifrangens Wang & al., 2004
  • Nocardia pneumoniae Kageyama & al., 2004
  • Nocardia polyresistens Xu & al., 2005
  • Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis Ruimy & al., 1996
  • Nocardia pseudovaccinii Kim & al., 2002
  • Nocardia puris Yassin & al., 2003
  • Nocardia rhamnosiphila Everest & al., 2012
  • Nocardia salmonicida Isik & al., 1999
  • Nocardia seriolae Kudo & al., 1988
  • Nocardia shimofusensis Kageyama & al., 2004
  • Nocardia sienata Kageyama & al., 2004
  • Nocardia soli Maldonado & al., 2001
  • Nocardia speluncae Seo & al., 2007
  • Nocardia takedensis Yamamura & al., 2005
  • Nocardia tenerifensis Kämpfer & al., 2004
  • Nocardia terpenica Hoshino & al., 2007
  • Nocardia testacea Kageyama & al., 2004
  • Nocardia thailandica Kageyama & al., 2005
  • Nocardia thraciensis Sazak & al., 2012
  • Nocardia transvalensis Pijper & Pullinger, 1927
  • Nocardia uniformis (ex Marton & SzabĂł, 1959) Isik & al., 1999
  • Nocardia vaccinii Demaree & Smith, 1952
  • Nocardia vermiculata Kageyama & al., 2005
  • Nocardia veterana GĂĽrtler & al., 2001
  • Nocardia vinacea Kinoshita & al., 2002
  • Nocardia wallacei Conville & al., 2009
  • Nocardia xishanensis Zhang & al., 2004
  • Nocardia yamanashiensis Kageyama & al., 2004

Selon NCBI (25 mai 2020)[4] :

  • Nocardia abscessus Yassin & al. 2000
  • Nocardia aciditolerans Golinska & al. 2013
  • Nocardia acidivorans Kampfer & al. 2007
  • Nocardia africana Hamid & al. 2001
  • Nocardia alba Li & al. 2004
  • Nocardia alboflava
  • Nocardia altamirensis Jurado & al. 2008
  • Nocardia amamiensis Yamamura & al. 2007
  • Nocardia amikacinitolerans Ezeoke & al. 2013
  • Nocardia anaemiae Kageyama & al. 2005
  • Nocardia aobensis Kageyama & al. 2005
  • Nocardia araoensis Kageyama & al. 2004
  • Nocardia argentinensis "" Huang
  • Nocardia arizonensis Lasker & al. 2017
  • Nocardia artemisiae Zhao & al. 2011
  • Nocardia arthritidis Kageyama & al. 2005
  • Nocardia asiatica Kageyama & al. 2004
  • Nocardia asteroides "Actinomyces asteroides" (Eppinger 1891) Gasperini 1894
  • Nocardia beijingensis Wang & al. 2001
  • Nocardia bhagyanarayanae "Nocardia bhagyanesis" Vaddavalii & al. 2014
  • Nocardia blacklockiae Conville & al. 2009
  • Nocardia boironii "" Gilquin & al. 2016
  • Nocardia brasiliensis "Actinomyces brasiliensis" (Lindenberg 1909) Gomes 1923
  • Nocardia brevicatena Micropolyspora brevicatena Lechevalier & al. 1961 (Approved Lists 1980)
  • Nocardia caishijiensis Zhang & al. 2003
  • Nocardia callitridis Kaewkla & Franco 2010
  • Nocardia camponoti Liu & al. 2016
  • Nocardia canicruria "Jensenia canicruria" Bisset & Moore 1950
  • Nocardia carnea "Streptothrix carnea" Rossi Doria 1891
  • Nocardia casuarinae Ghodhbane-Gtari & al. 2015
  • Nocardia caverna
  • Nocardia cavernae Li & al. 2017
  • Nocardia cerradoensis Albuquerque de Barros & al. 2003
  • Nocardia cholesterolicum
  • Nocardia coeliaca "Flavobacterium coeliacum" (Gray & Thornton 1928) Bergey & al. 1930
  • Nocardia concava Kageyama & al. 2005
  • Nocardia coubleae RodrIguez-Nava & al. 2007
  • Nocardia crassostreae Friedman & al. 1998
  • Nocardia cyriacigeorgica corrig. Yassin & al. 2001
  • Nocardia devorans
  • Nocardia donostiensis CECT 8839
  • Nocardia elegans Yassin & Brenner 2005
  • Nocardia endophytica Xing & al. 2011
  • Nocardia exalbida Iida & al. 2006
  • Nocardia farcinica "Actinomyces bovis farcinicus" Gasperini 1894
  • Nocardia flavorosea "" Liu & al. 1983
  • Nocardia fluminea Maldonado & al. 2001
  • Nocardia fusca "" Liu & al. 1983
  • Nocardia gamkensis le Roes & Meyers 2007
  • Nocardia globerula "Mycobacterium globerulum" Gray 1928
  • Nocardia goodfellowii Sazak & al. 2012
  • Nocardia grenadensis Kampfer & al. 2012
  • Nocardia halotolerans Nikou & al. 2015
  • Nocardia harenae Seo & Lee 2006
  • Nocardia heshunensis Huang & al. 2017
  • Nocardia higoensis Kageyama & al. 2004
  • Nocardia ignorata Yassin & al. 2001
  • Nocardia inohanensis Kageyama & al. 2004
  • Nocardia interforma
  • Nocardia iowensis Lamm & al. 2009
  • Nocardia jejuensis Lee 2006
  • Nocardia jiangsuensis Bai & al. 2016
  • Nocardia jiangxiensis Cui & al. 2005
  • Nocardia jinanensis Sun & al. 2009
  • Nocardia kroppenstedtii Jones & al. 2014
  • Nocardia kruczakiae Conville & al. 2005
  • Nocardia lasii Liu & al. 2017
  • Nocardia levis
  • Nocardia lijiangensis Xu & al. 2006
  • Nocardia lillensis "" Flateau & al. 2013
  • Nocardia mangyaensis Yang & al. 2019
  • Nocardia mexicana Rodriguez-Nava & al. 2006
  • Nocardia mikamii Jannat-Khah & al. 2010
  • Nocardia miyunensis Cui & al. 2005
  • Nocardia neocaledoniensis Saintpierre-Bonaccio & al. 2004
  • Nocardia niigatensis Kageyama & al. 2004
  • Nocardia ninae Laurent & al. 2007
  • Nocardia niwae Moser & al. 2011
  • Nocardia nova Tsukamura 1983
  • Nocardia novocastrensa
  • Nocardia otitidiscaviarum "Actinomyces caviae" Erikson 1935
  • Nocardia panacis "" Hu & al. 2020
  • Nocardia paucivorans Yassin & al. 2000
  • Nocardia pigrifrangens Wang & al. 2004
  • Nocardia pneumoniae Kageyama & al. 2004
  • Nocardia polyresistens Xu & al. 2005
  • Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis Ruimy & al. 1996
  • Nocardia pseudosporangifera
  • Nocardia pseudovaccinii "" Gordon
  • Nocardia puris Yassin & al. 2003
  • Nocardia rayongensis Tanasupawat & al. 2016
  • Nocardia rhamnosiphila Everest & al. 2012
  • Nocardia rhizosphaerae Wang & al. 2015
  • Nocardia rhizosphaerihabitans Ding & al. 2018
  • Nocardia roseoalba
  • Nocardia salmonicida "" (Rucker 1949) Pridham 1970
  • Nocardia salmonicolor
  • Nocardia seriolae Kudo & al. 1988
  • Nocardia shimofusensis Kageyama & al. 2004
  • Nocardia shinanonensis Matsumoto & al. 2016
  • Nocardia sienata corrig. Kageyama & al. 2004
  • Nocardia speluncae Seo & al. 2007
  • Nocardia stercoris Zhao & al.
  • Nocardia strombolensis
  • Nocardia suismassiliense "" Fellag & al. 2018
  • Nocardia sungurluensis Camas & al. 2014
  • Nocardia sylvodorifera "" Castellani
  • Nocardia takedensis Yamamura & al. 2005
  • Nocardia tartaricans "" Miura & al. 1977
  • Nocardia tenerifensis Kampfer & al. 2004
  • Nocardia tengchongensis Li & al. 2017
  • Nocardia terpenica Hoshino & al. 2007
  • Nocardia testacea corrig. Kageyama & al. 2004
  • Nocardia thailandica Kageyama & al. 2005
  • Nocardia thraciensis Sazak & al. 2012
  • Nocardia transvalensis "Actinomyces transvalensis" Pijper & Pullinger 1927
  • Nocardia uniformis "" Marton & Szabo 1959
  • Nocardia vaccinii Demaree & Smith 1952
  • Nocardia vermiculata Kageyama & al. 2005
  • Nocardia veterana Gurtler & al. 2001
  • Nocardia vinacea Kinoshita & al. 2002
  • Nocardia violaceofusca "" Ruan & Zhang
  • Nocardia vulneris Lasker & al. 2015
  • Nocardia wallacei Conville & al. 2009
  • Nocardia xestospongiae Thawai & al. 2017
  • Nocardia xishanensis Zhang & al. 2004
  • Nocardia yamanashiensis Kageyama & al. 2004
  • Nocardia zapadnayensis Ozdemir-Kocak & al. 2016
  • Nocardia zhihengii Huang & al. 2019

Selon World Register of Marine Species (25 mai 2020)[5] :

  • Nocardia atlantica (Humm & Shepard) Waksman
  • Nocardia marina (Krasil'nikov) Waksman

Notes et références

Références taxinomiques

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