Ne sait pas
« Ne sait pas » est une modalitĂ© de rĂ©ponse utilisĂ©e par les sciences sociales et le marketing durant leurs enquĂȘtes par questionnaire pour permettre Ă l'enquĂȘtĂ© de manifester positivement son incapacitĂ© Ă fournir une rĂ©ponse Ă une question posĂ©e par l'enquĂȘteur ou auto-administrĂ©e. En ce sens, elle doit ĂȘtre distinguĂ©e de la non-rĂ©ponse, qui est l'absence totale de rĂ©ponse mĂȘme lorsqu'un item blanc est explicitement proposĂ© au rĂ©pondant oralement ou par Ă©crit. Lors de la saisie informatique des donnĂ©es rĂ©coltĂ©es, elle est gĂ©nĂ©ralement abrĂ©gĂ©e sous la forme « NSP », qui sert aussi lors du traitement.
Enjeu méthodologique
L'utilisation ou non de la modalitĂ© est un enjeu pour le chercheur, car sa prĂ©sence dans le questionnaire peut inciter les personnes questionnĂ©es Ă renoncer Ă des rĂ©ponses utiles qu'elles feraient effectivement en son absence. D'un autre cĂŽtĂ©, ne pas y recourir, c'est risquer d'obtenir de nombreuses rĂ©ponses faites sans conviction de nature Ă introduire un biais statistique dans les rĂ©sultats finaux. En outre, cela ne permet pas une distinction entre les enquĂȘtĂ©s qui admettraient positivement ne pas savoir rĂ©pondre et ceux qui sauteraient la question sans pour autant pouvoir l'admettre, ce qui serait donc une non-rĂ©ponse. Dans le cadre d'un sondage d'opinion politique, par exemple, cela revient Ă risquer de confondre des Ă©lecteurs susceptibles de recourir au vote blanc et des abstentionnistes potentiels.
Bibliographie
- Bauer Martin (1996). âSocio-Economic Correlates of DK-Responses in Knowledge Surveys: Self-Attributed Ignorance of Scienceâ, Social Science Information, Vol. 35, No. 1, 1996, pp. 39-68.
- Bauer, Martin W.; Allum, Nick and Miller, Steve (2007). âWhat Can We Learn from 25 Years of PUS Survey Research? Liberating and Expanding the Agendaâ. Public Understanding of Science, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2007, pp. 79-95.
- Beatty, Paul and Herrmann, Douglas (1995). âA Framework for Evaluating âDonât Knowâ Response in Surveysâ. Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, America, Statistical Association, Washington, DC, 1995, pp. 1005-1010.
- Beatty, P., and Herrmann, D. (2002). âTo Answer or not to Answer: Decision Processes Related to Survey Item Nonresponseâ. Pp. 71-85 in Groves, R. M.; Dillman, D. A.: Eltinge, J. L. and Roderick, J. A. L., eds. âSurvey Nonresponseâ Wiley, New York, 2002.
- Beatty, Paul; Herrmann, Douglas; Puskar, Cathy and Kerwin, Jeffrey (07-1998). ââDon't Know' Responses in Surveys: Is What I Know What You Want to Know and Do I Want You to Know It?â Memory, Vol. 6, No. 4, July 1998, pp. 407-426.
- Bilgen, Ipek (08-2011). . âIs Less More & More LessâŠ? The Effect of Two Types of Interviewer Experience on âDonât Knowâ Responses in Calendar and Standardized Interviewsâ. PhD dissertation, graduate college at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, August 2011, xv + 252 pp..
- Brooks; Arthur C. (2004). âWhat Do Don't Know Responses Really Mean in Giving Surveys? Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 33, 2004, No. 3, September 3004, pp. 423-424.
- Callegaro, Mario (09-2005).âOrigins and Developments of the Cognitive Models of Answering Questions in Survey Researchâ. Working Paper No. 14, Program in Survey Research and Methodology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Gallup Research Center, September 2005, 47 pp.
- Chang LinChiat and Holland, Keating (2007). âEliciting Valid Responses: Follow-Up Probes to âDonât Knowsâ in Political Pollsâ. Public Opinion Pos,
- Converse, Jean M. (1976). âPredicting No Opinion in the Pollsâ. Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 40, No.4, 1976, pp. 515-530.
- Coombs, C. H., and Coombs, L. C. (1975). âDonât Knowâ: Item ambiguity or respondent uncertainty? Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 40, 1975, pp. 497-514.
- Coppoletta-Solotareff, Rosalinda et Grobon, SĂ©bastien (01-2016). "Quel est lâimpact dâun changement du mode de relance des rĂ©pondants « sans opinion » ? CaractĂ©ristiques des rĂ©pondants, du dispositif dâenquĂȘte et des questions affectant la rĂ©ponse « ne sait pas »." Document de travail, SĂ©rie « MĂ©thodologie dâenquĂȘte », n° 55, Direction de la recherche, des Ă©tudes, de lâĂ©valuation et des statistiques (DREES), , 44 pp. (rĂ©sumĂ© et accĂšs).
- Das, A., and Deshmukh, J. (1997). âWhat we Know about the âDonât Knowsâ (and what we Know about What to do with Them)â. WAPOR Newsletter, 12-13.
- DeRouvray, Cristel and Couper, Mick P. (2002). âDesigning a Strategy for Reducing âNo Opinionâ Responses in Web-Based Surveysâ. Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 20, No. 1, Spring 2002, pp. 3-9.
- Durand, R. M., and Lambert, Z. L. (1988). âDonât Know Responses in Surveys: Analyses and Interpersonal Consequences.â Journal of Business Research, Vol. 16, 1988, pp. 169-188.
- Faulkenberry, G.D. and Mason, R. (1978). âCharacteristics of Nonopinion and No opinion Response Groupsâ. Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 42, 1978, pp. 534-543.
- Feick, Lawrence F. (1989). âLatent Class Analysis of Survey Questions that Include Donât Know Responsesâ. Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 53, Issue 4, 1989, pp. 525-547.
- Francis, Joe D. and Busch, Lawrence (1975). âWhat We Now Know about âI donât Knowsâ.â Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 39, No.2, Summer 1975, pp. 207-218 (voir ici ou ici).
- Gilljam, M., and Granberg, D. (1993). âShould we Take âDonât Knowâ for an Answer?â Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 57, 1993, pp.348-357.
- Groothuis, Peter.A. and Whitehead, John C. (2002). âDoes Donât Know Mean No? Analysis of âDonât Knowâ Responses in Contingent Valuation Questionsâ, Applied Economics, Vol. 34, No. 15, October 2002, pp. 1935+
- Haener, Michel K. and Adamowicz, Wiktor L. (10-1998). âAnalysis of âDonât Knowâ Responses to Referendum Contingent Valuation Questionsâ. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Vol. 27, No. 2, October 1998, pp.218-230.
- Joffe, Helene and Farr, R (1996). âSelf-Proclaimed Ignorance about Public Affairsâ. Social Science Information / Information sur les sciences sociales, Vol. 34, No. 1, 1996, pp. 69-92.
- Juan, Salvador (1986). « Lâouvert et le fermĂ© dans la pratique du questionnaire. Analyse comparative et spĂ©cificitĂ©s de lâenquĂȘte par correspondance ». Revue française de sociologie, vol. 27, n° 27-2, 1986, pp. 301-316. accĂšs)
- Keeter, S., Kennedy, C., Dimock, M., Best, J., and Craighill, P. (2006). âGauging the Impact of Growing Nonresponse on Estimates from a National RDD Telephone Surveyâ. Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 70, 2006, pp. 759-779.
- Krosnick, Jon A.; Holbrook, Allyson L.; Berent, Matthew K.; Carson, Richard T.; Hanemann, W. Michael; Kopp, Raymond J.; Mitchell, Robert Cameron; Presser, Stanley; Rudd, Paul A.; Smith, V. Kerry; Moody, Wendy R.; Green, Melanie C. and Conaway, Michael (2002). âThe Impact of âNo Opinionâ Response Options on Data Quality: Non-Attitude Reduction or an Invitation to Satisfice?â The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 66, 2002, pp. 371-403 (aussi ici).
- Lam, Tony C. M.; Allen, Gary and Green, Kathy E. (05-2010). âIs âNeutralâ on a Likert Scale The Same As "Donât Know" for Informed and Uninformed Respondents? Effects of Serial Position and Labeling on Selection of Response Optionsâ. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Denver, CO, May 2010, 37 pp.
- Lam, Tony C.M.; Green, Kathy E. and Bordignon, Catherine (11-2002). âEffects of Item Grouping and Position of the âDon't Knowâ Option on Questionnaire Responseâ. Field Methods, Vol. 14, No. 4, November 2002, pp. 418-432.
- Leigh, J.H. and Martin, C.R. Jr. (1987). âDonât Knowâ Item Nonresponse in a Telephone Survey: Effects of Question Form and Respondent Characteristicsâ. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 24, 1987, pp. 418-424.
- Mayer, Nonna (2010). « Sociologie des comportements politiques ». Armand Colin, Collection U, 2010, 288 pp.
- McClendon, M. J. (1986). âUnanticipated Effects of No Opinion Filters on Attitudes and Attitude Strengthâ. Sociological Perspectives, Vol. 29, 1986, pp.:379-95.
- McClendon, M. J., and Alwin, D. F. (1993). âNo-Opinion Filters and Attitude Measurement Reliabilityâ. Sociological Methods and Research, Vol. 21, 1993, pp. 438-464.
- Mondak, Jeffrey J. and Anderson, Mary R. (03-2003) âA Knowledge Gap or a Guessing Game? Gender and Political Knowledge,â Public Perspective, Vol.14, No. 2, March/April 2003, pp. 6â9.
- Mondak, Jeffrey J. and Anderson. Mary R. (05-2004). âThe Knowledge Gap: A Reexamination of Gender-Based Differences in Political Knowledge.â The Journal of Politics, Vol. 66, No. 2: May 2004, pp. 492â512.
- Mondak, Jeffery J., and Davis. Belinda Creel (2001). âAsked and Answered: Knowledge Levels When We Wonât Take âDonât Knowâ for an Answer.â Political Behavior, Vol. 23, No. 3, 2001, pp. 199-224.
- Pickery, Jan and Loosveldt, Geert (1998). âThe Impact of Respondent and Interviewer Characteristics on the Number of âNo Opinionâ Answers: A Multilevel Model for Count Dataâ. Quality & Quantity, Vol. 32, 1998, pp. 31-45.
- Pickery, Jan and Loosveldt, Geert (2001). âAn Exploration of Question Characteristics that Mediate Interviewer Effects on Item Nonresponseâ. Journal of Official Statistics, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2001, pp. 337-350.
- Pickery, Jan and Loosveldt, Geert (2004). âA Simultaneous Analysis of Interviewer Effects on Various Data Quality Indicators with Identification of Exceptional Interviewersâ. Journal of Official Statistics, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2004, pp. 77-89.
- Porreca, Kelsey (2012). âAn Investigation of No Opinion and Donât Know Responsesâ. The Ohio State University, 37th Annual Conference of the Midwest Association for Public Opinion Research, âInnovations in Measuring and Understanding Public Opinionâ, Chicago; IL, November 16-17, 2012, 15 pp. Slides, 14 pp.
- Sayedi, Amin; Zadimoghaddam, Morteza and Blum, Avrim (2010). âTrading off Mistakes and Donât Know Responses in Online Learningâ. PrĂ©sentation, 16 pp.
- Schuman, Howard and Presser, Stanley (1980). âPublic Opinion and Public Ignorance: The Fine Line between Attitudes and Nonattitudesâ. The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 85, 1980, pp. 1214-1225.
- Shoemaker, P.J., Eichholz, M., and Skewes, E.A. (2000). âItem Nonreponse: Distinguishing between Donât Know and Refuseâ. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, Vol. 14, 2000, p. 193-201.
- Sturgis, Patrick; Allum, Nick and Smith, Patten (2007). âAn Experiment on the Measurement of Political Knowledge in Surveysâ. Public Opinion Quarterly, Advance access publiqhed September 21, 2007, 13 pp. (voir ici).
- Turner, Jill and Michael, Mike (03-1996). âWhat Do We Know about âDonât Knowsâ? Or, Contexts of Ignorance,â Social Science Information, Vol. 35, March 1996, pp. 15â37.
- Vicente, Paula and Reis, Elizabeth (06-2010). âUsing Questionnaire Design to Fight Nonresponse Bias in Web Surveysâ. Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 28, No. 2, May 2010, pp. 251-267.