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District de l'Oregon

Le district de l'Oregon est un commandement du département de l'armée de l'Union formé au cours de la guerre de Sécession.

Postes militaires de l'époque de la guerre de Sécession dans le Pacifique nord-ouest.

Historique

Le district de l'Oregon appartient au département du Pacifique indépendant reconstitué par la consolidation des départements de Californie et de l'Oregon, qui est créé le , lorsque l'armée est réorganisée. Le district est créé le même jour, et comprend le même territoire que l'ancien département de l'Oregon, l'État de l'Oregon (sauf pour les régions de la rivière Rogue et de la rivière Umpqua dans le sud de l'Oregon) et le territoire de Washington, avec les quartiers généraux se trouvent au fort Vancouver dans le territoire de Washington.

Le , le district comprend le territoire de l'Idaho après avoir été formé à partir de la partie orientale du territoire de Washington. Le , le district de l'Oregon est étendu à l'ensemble de l'État de l'Oregon[1].

Le , la division militaire du Pacifique est créée sous les ordres du major général Henry W. Halleck, en remplacement du département du Pacifique. Elle se compose du département du Colombia remplaçant le district de l'Oregon et le département de Californie. George Wright, alors brigadier général de l'armée des États-Unis, est affecté au commandement du nouveau département du Columbia[2].

Commandants du district de l'Oregon
  • Colonel George Wright, – .
  • Colonel Benjamin L. Beall, – .
  • Lieutenant-colonel Albemarle Cady, –
  • Colonel Justus Steinberger, –
  • Brigadier général Benjamin Alvord, –
  • Colonel Ruben F. Maury, – [3] - [4]

Postes dans le district de l'Oregon
  • Fort Colville, territoire de Washington, 1859–1882
  • Fort Steilacoom, territoire de Washington, 1849–1868
  • Fort Dalles, Oregon, 1850–1867
  • Fort Vancouver, territoire de Washington, 1853–1879
  • Fort Bellingham, territoire de Washington, 1855–1860
  • Fort Cascades, territoire de Washington, 1855–1861
  • Fort Yamhill, Oregon, 1856–1866
  • Fort Townsend, territoire de Washington, 1856–1861
  • Fort Walla Walla, territoire de Washington, 1856–1911
  • Fort Hoskins, Oregon, 1857–1865
  • Siletz Blockhouse, Oregon, 1858–1866[5]
  • Camp Pickett, territoire de Washington, 1859–1863
    • Poste de San Juan, territoire de Washington, 1863–1867
  • Camp Chehalis, territoire de Washington, 1860–1861
  • Camp Baker, Oregon, 1862–1865[6],
  • Camp Barlow, Oregon, 1862 [7]
    • Camp Clackamas, Oregon, 1862 [8]
  • Poste à Cape Disappointment, territoire de Washington, 1862–1864 [9]
    • Fort Cape Disappointment, territoire de Washington, 1864–1875
  • Camp Lapwai, territoire de l'Idaho, 1862
  • Fort Boise, territoire de l'Idaho, 1863–1912
  • Post à Grand Ronde Indian Agency ou Fort Lafayette, Oregon 1863[10],
  • Fort Hall, territoire de l'Idaho, 1863–1865
  • Fort Klamath, Oregon, 1863–1890
  • Fort à Point Adams, Oregon, 1863–inconnu[11]
  • Camp Alvord, Oregon, 1864–1866 [12]
  • Camp Dalgren, Oregon, 1864 [13]
  • Camp Henderson, Oregon, 1864–1866 [14]
  • Camp Lincoln, Oregon, 1864[15]
  • Camp Maury, Oregon, 1864[16]
  • Camp Russell, Oregon, 1864–1865 [17]
  • Camp Watson, Oregon, 1864–1869
  • Camp Colfax, Oregon, 1865, 1867[18]
  • Camp Currey, Oregon, 1865–1866 [19]
  • Camp Lander, territoire de l'Idaho, 1865–1866 [20]
  • Camp Logan, Oregon, 1865–1868 [21]
  • Camp Lyon, Idaho, 1865–1869 [22] - [23]
  • Camp Polk, Oregon, 1865–1866 [24]
  • Camp Reed, territoire de l'Idaho, 1865–1866 [25]
  • Camp sur la Silvies River, Oregon[26]
  • Camp Wright, Oregon, 1865–1866 [27]
  • Old Camp Warner, Oregon, 1866–1867[28]
  • Camp Warner, Oregon, 1867–1874[29]

Voir aussi

Références
  1. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Volume L, CHAPTER LXII, pp. 2–6. eHistory at The Ohio State University
  2. Official Records of the War of the Rebellion , SERIES I—VOLUME XLVI, GENERAL ORDERS No. 118. June 27, 1865, Military Division of the United States After The Civil War
  3. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Volume L, CHAPTER LXII
  4. (en) David Eicher, Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, (lire en ligne), p. 841.
  5. A two-story blockhouse built to protect the Siletz Indian Agency. It was a subpost of Fort Hoskins. Originally called Yaquina Bay Blockhouse (1856–1858) located at the mouth of the Yaquina River (en) near South Beach. It was dismantled and floated upriver in 1858. Located at Siletz, Oregon.
  6. Garrisoned by the Oregon Volunteer Cavalry to observe Confederate sympathizers in nearby Jacksonville, Oregon. Located one-half mile west of Phoenix, Oregon. Possibly also known as Camp Phoenix.
  7. Charles Henry Carey, History of Oregon, The Pioneer Historical Publishing Company, Portland, 1922, pg. 663. Near A temporary Civil War encampment for the Oregon Volunteers, located two miles north of Oregon City, Oregon. The entire garrison moved to Camp Clackamas.
  8. A temporary state militia post that lasted only one month. Located at the mouth of the Clackamas about one mile north of Oregon City. Replaced Camp Barlow.
  9. Post at Cape Disappointment was at the north mouth of the Columbia River, Washington Territory, later renamed Fort Cape Disappointment 1864 and Fort Canby (en) in 1875.
  10. Officially known as Post at Communauté de Grand Ronde, it was a temporary outpost of Fort Yamhill built by Oregon Volunteers at Grand Ronde, Oregon.
  11. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 672. Located on the south shore of the mouth of the fleuve Columbia. Later named Fort Stevens.
  12. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671. On Horse Creek in the Alvord Valley, east of the Steen Mountain Range
  13. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671 Located slightly east of Camps Maury and Polk.
  14. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671. This camp, named for Oregon's representative in Congress at that time, was established early in 1864, near the mouth of Jordan Creek, 330 miles from Walla Walla, and was the center of operations in Southeastern Oregon for some time afterward.
  15. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671 Near Canyon City, on the headwaters of John Day River.
  16. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671. On the Deschutes River near the mouth of rivière Crooked.
  17. A Civil War training camp once located in Salem, Oregon, at the state fairgrounds, present-day 17th Street and Silverton Road.
  18. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671. At the Willow Creek crossing of the Canyon City – Boise Road, south of Baker City.
  19. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671. On Silver Creek.
  20. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671. On the Snake River, at the site of Old Fort Hall in S. Idaho Territory.
  21. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671 East of Canyon City, on the road to Colfax.
  22. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671 In the Jordan Valley, east of the Owyhee River.
  23. IDAHO STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY REFERENCE SERIES, CAMP LYON, Number 357 July 16, 1965
  24. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671. On the Deschutes River near the mouth of Crooked River.
  25. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671,674. On the Snake River, near Salmon Falls, in S. Idaho Territory.
  26. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 674. Located on the on Silvies River, north of Lac Malheur.
  27. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671. North of Harney Lake. A temporary state militia encampment on the Silvies River, possibly to the south of Burns, Oregon. Originally Adobe Camp (1865), a 25-yard square sod-walled post, was located here before being replaced after only two weeks.
  28. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671. Located east of Warner Lakes. A Federal camp originally located 20 miles east of Warner (Hart) Lake. It was moved in 1867
  29. Carey, History of Oregon, pg. 671. Located west of Warner Lakes.
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